The Flea by John donne

Introduction :

        The  Term  Metaphysical as applied  to English and Continental European Poets of the seventeenth  century .whose poetry comes to be known as the Metaphysical Poetry . it was Dr. Johnson  who while  writing on the life of Abraham Cowley in his Book ‘ The Lives’ Commented extensively on the poetry  of Donne and his Followers, calling at Metaphysical  Poetry ,and the Metaphysical poets Continue to be studied and revered for their intricacy and originality.

Johan Done Work:
 

Johan done best known of metaphysical  poetry:

1. Death Not Be Proud
2. Sweetest Love
3. The Dream
4. The Flea
5. The Ecstasy
6. The Sun Rising
7. "The Anniversary"

                           Johan Donne totally many Poems write of their time. Here we discus and Summarize about Some Most Notable Poem .First our discus of great Poem ‘Death be not Proud’.

1.The Flea 

                                                   John Donne, the master of metaphysical poetry was written by a poem ‘The Flea’ The poet uses biological image of the flea in order to deal with the theme of ‘Love’. The speaker uses the occasion of a flea hopping from himself to a young lady as an excuse to argue that the two of them should make love. Since in the flea their blood is mixed together, he says that they have already been made as one in the body of the flea. Here the rhyme is AABBCCDDD so nicely designs. Besides, the flea pricked her and got what it wanted without having to persuade her,.

 

                   

                                The Flea is poem about sexual desire. Moving on to the acceptation The speaker tells his beloved to look at the flea before them and to note “how little” is that thing that she denies him. For the flea, he says, has sucked first his blood, then her blood, so that now, inside the flea, they are mingled; and that mingling cannot be called “sin, or shame, or loss of maidenhead.” The flea has joined them together in a way that, “alas, is more than we would do.” As his beloved moves to kill the flea, the speaker stays her hand, asking her to spare the three lives in the flea: his life, her life, and the flea’s own life. “Cruel and sudden”, the speaker calls his lover, who has now killed the flea, “purpling” her fingernail with the “blood of innocence.”

 Structure:

                                 The word at the end of each pair of liens rhyme and the last three liens rhyme at the end of each stanza. The End sounds in first stanza are as follows:

‘is’,’is,‘ee’, ‘ee’‘aid’, ‘ead’‘oo’, ‘wo’, ‘o’, etc. 

•     Internal rhyme: 

The Flea also contains rhyme (rhyming inside one lien) for example;

               ‘Mark’ in the poem beginning first lien,

               ‘Mark but this flea, and mark in this

Language: 

Look at the words used in this poem describe ‘Love’

Figure 2

Those words are not always tradition associated with love.

                                               When this poem writing some about that using of P.E.E. How to use about using P.E.E of poem writing. You should always writing about P.E.E. formula, Make a point, find some evidence, and explain and then explain the evidence details.

                                                 Look at how Donne uses language in the poem. Make three points about the poem, select three quotations to back up your point then explain the quotations in detail.

 I

                        

The white tiger

Respected sir,



1.  Arvind Adiga won the man Booker prize in 2008 for his debut novel ‘The white tiger’. 33 years old Adiga is a journalist and author by profession. He is an Australian citizen of Indian origin.

The White tiger is about economic disparity conspicuous in modern Indian society. It tells the pathetic tale of two eras, one that still clings to the old decaying moral values and another that is anxious to accept the fast emerging new moral values.

Balram has caught antihero like complex character who plays many roles like, servant, a car driver, an entrepreneur and the murderer rolled into one in the novel.

This novel creates different India darkness which is focused by the novel. It also trying to dismantle the discrimination between the big bellies and the small bellies and also created principles of equality and justice. So we can say that India is represented very well into the novel.  Because India is also known as poor country that others so the hero Balram  also wants free from the struggling to set free from age old slavery and exploitation. And corruption also described into it.  The novel also provides a darkly comical view of modern day’s life in India though the narration of the protagonist. First we can see the Balram was born into the Dark India who has face many problems like economic, social, and political. So that they can earn better as his father was. So the novel shows dark image of India which is acceptable.

2.  Yes, I am totally agreed with these Ideas that the novel The White tiger is archetypal example of all the novels from ‘rages to riches’
In this novel we will found The Indian family how they were suffering for the better life , Lightness and darkness, Marriage In India, The cast system, India’s relationship to china, Freedom, Individualism, immoral corruption etc.

IF we talk about Balram the protagonist of the novel he struggles allot to fulfill his own dream and existence and for that he has to face many circumstances. A drop out in a village school, Balramreceived titleknowledge as a student. He took a lesson in driving in lieu of a fixed amount. Then he went straight to Dhanbad to the house of the landlord of the village. There he was engaged as a driver cum – servant in the landlord’s family. Balram managed to get the senior driver dismissed and cleared his way to be a driver of the landlord’s son Ashok in Delhi. So here we can see that how Balram wants to remove his self from servitude and wants to be a master by hook or crook so for it he will be able to do anything for the sake of richness. So from rags to riches these things were only possible if anyone can walk into a wrong way. Which will done by Balram by killing Mr. Ashok and such stories were also known as archetypal stories which is related with from rags to riches. Balram who cannot see the stones being thrown at animals is forced by the circumstances to be a murderer. After murdering Ashok he remains upset four weeks and he says…

“I am not a politician or a parliamentarian. Not one of those extraordinary men who can kill and money on, as if nothing had happened. “

But Balram does not lose the soul of nobility even after becoming an entrepreneur in Bangalore. He justifies his choice of murder as he does no other alternative to realize his dream to climb the ladder of success. It also seems as if he wants to take revenge, upon all the masters for the age – old exploitation of their servants.

“It appears to him to be the only means to break the shackles of bondage he is trapped into”

But Balram also said about his success is that “haven’tsucceeded in the struggle that every poor man here should be making the struggle not to take the lashes your father took.”

We can also compare the character of Balram with Macbeth is that Macbeth get nothing by removing from his way to king to king Duncan just like that Balram also get nothing by removing Mr. Ashok from his way. So such stories we will found into all types of the stories as archetypal stories of ‘rags to riches.

3. In the novel we will found many words like ‘half backed Indian’ which related with

“The Autobiography of a Half-Baked Indian.’ That’s what I ought to call my life’s story.”

 The word 'Aporia' and ‘Lacuna also related with the appropriate image of half backed Indian. As the narrator describes himself appropriately. So maybe we can say that in the novel we will found many words which were related with the same ideas which lead us towards deepest meaning which leads us towards the real image of India and also those people who were corrupted. So we can also understand with it is that to release from servitude it is better to remove all the hurdles which comes into our way of progress as half backed Indian.

The Da Vinci Code

Novel: The Da Vinci Code

Q. 3. (If) You have studied ‘Genesis’ (The Bible), ‘The Paradise Lost’ (John Milton) and ‘The Da Vinci Code’ (Dan Brown). Which of the narrative/s seem/s to be truthful? Whose narrative is convincing to the contemporary young mind?

Answer:

In ‘Genesis’ (The Bible), ‘The Paradise Lost’ (John Milton) and ‘The Da Vinci Code’ (Dan Brown) three of book presents religion as the centre.  In Genesis book also God is the center. Paradise Lost also presents power of God and fall of man at the center. In comparison of these two books The Da Vinci Code is more complicated narration and presents so many things together. In this book, cryptic code, Story of Jesus Christ, his relation with Mary Magdalene, Painting of Mona Lisa, Painting of Last Supper, Holy Grail, Blood line of Sophie Neveu and Sarcophagus at the center. This book presents so many secrets in the story. Dan Brown’s narrative technique is so difficult to understand the whole idea in comparison to Genesis and The Paradise Lost.

According to my point of view narrative of The Da Vinci Code is very truthful. Because we can relied on code of the language so many different places like Paris, France, England, and Scotland etc. Though there is some doubt in story because in the painting of Last Supper we cannot found Holy Grail. But character of Robert Langdon and Sophie Neveu played a vital role in beginning to the end of the novel. Because of this reason narrative of The Da Vince Code is convincing to the young mind. The era of 21^st Century shifted the mind of young people because this world is depends upon technology and science. So, now we can see turning point of people to religion to science. But we can no say that this idea is totally convincible because some limitations also played a vital role.  Superstitions and wrong beliefs of the people lead them to another way and that’s why whole world always debate for religion and science.

But we cannot clearly say that in this modern age every people believes in science because some of the people living this world who are the follower and believer of Idea of God and Religion. But young generation is more flexible towards technology.   

Q.4. What harm has been done to humanity by the biblical narration or that of Milton’s in The Paradise Lose? What sort of damage does narrative like ‘The Vinci Code’ do to humanity?

Answer:

Milton’s ‘The Paradise lost’ clearly presents that if we don’t follow the God then it will become harmful for us. Biblical narration also told that God at the center and the creator of Heaven, Earth and Hell. Milton gives voice to character of Eve and Adam. God created the Garden of Eden and told Adam and Eve that not to test the fruit of knowledge but they don’t follow this rule. First Eve tested and then Adam tested this fruit. So, here we can say that maybe they overpower the God or Satan (serpent) who intentionally convince to Eve. But rule is broken by them and God gave then punishment. Fall of Man is the damage for humanity. Because of this people believed that fall happens because of Eve. So, here Eve blamed for this fall but one question arise that Eve tempted for this fruit then why Adam also tested that fruit? If he has different idea then he not tested that fruit of knowledge but he does this. So, Adam also equally responsible for this fall but women always blamed for such things. This idea is the damaging for humanity.  

   

Narrative of The Da Vince Code presents Christianity, Priory of Sion, Holy Grail, Story of Jesus Christ, Religion etc. But some of the characters damage the humanity like Silas murders Jacques Sauniere. Idea of pain that presents by character of Silas and it’s also presents image of Vitruvius man. Sign of Vitruvius image shows that we have to chastise our body by some kind of pain. Till the end of the novel Robert Langdon keep the secret of Sarcophagus. When he knows about that blood line of secret at that time he reached this place and kneels down. He also suggests Sophie Neveu that in critical situation Jesus Christ always with him. So, here we can say this type of narrative harm the humanity because it depends upon individual character because every person not believer of God.  

Q.5. What difference do you see in the portrayal of 'Ophelia' (Kate Winslet) in Kenneth Branagh's Hamlet, 'Elizabeth' (Helena Bonham Carter) in Kenneth Branagh's Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or 'Hester Prynne' (Demi Moore) in Roland Joffé's The Scarlet Letter' or David Yates's 'Harmione Granger' (Emma Watson) in last four Harry Potter films - and 'Sophie Neuve' (Audrey Tautau) in Ron Howard's The Da Vinci Code? How would justify your answer?

Answer:

Character of Ophelia to Sophie Neveu we can see the vast difference. Women characters always follower of male member of society and depended to them. Sometimes woman used as an object only to serve family members. Society looks towards women as inferior way and always tried to defeat them. But here the women characters are different to struggled and fight with the odd situations.

In Kenneth Branagh’s Hamlet Ophelia portrayed as more cruel way. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet there is no single description of Ophelia as an object but in movie some scene of Ophelia shown as a bad way. Even scene of madness of Ophelia is more attractive in movie than Hamlet. In Frankenstein also Character of Elizabeth killed by Monster. Monster forcefully harassed her and behaves as crude way. Character of Hester Prynne also struggled a lot in puritan society because of the birth of Pearl. Puritan society not accepted her and gives the symbol of “A” for adultery. Because of the Chillingworth, her husband she more attracted towards Arthur Dimmesdale. But puritan society not looking for that perspective and gives her punishment. But she confidently and bravely faces all the circumstances. 

 

In Harry Potter, character of Hermione more powerful than Harry Potter and Ron Weasley. She is not central character of the novel but Harry Potter as a center. Limited space given to Hermione. In fact she used as a rivalry between Harry and Ron. But in comparison to Ophelia, Elizabeth and Hester Hermione is more powerful, intelligent and not used as an object or sexually harassed. 

 

 The Da Vince Code presents Sophie Neveu as a both side intelligent and sometimes silent. She is working in French Police, Cryptologist. Beginning to end Sophie is always with Professor Robert Langdon. Sometimes she very secretly solves the problems in this novel. She also destroyed phobia of Robert to some trick. But when discussion going on between Robert and Leigh Teabing at that time most of the time she is silent and easily follows Leigh Teabing. But in comparison to other female characters she is very intelligent portrayed by Ron Howard’s The Da Vinci Code.    

   

So, to move towards puritan society to modern age to these new literatures we can find major differences. Major differences are that to only sexual platform to very intelligent space given to them. It is the effect of literature that we can see so many changes characters. 

“Fire and Ice” by Robert Frost

“Fire and Ice” by Robert Frost 

        Robert Frost was born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco, where his father, William Prescott Frost Jr., and his mother, Isabelle Moodie, had moved from Pennsylvania shortly after marrying. After the death of his father from tuberculosis when Frost was eleven years old, he moved with his mother and sister, Jeanie, who was two years younger, to Lawrence, Massachusetts.

About his personal life.

Frost personal life is not good. In 1885 when Frost father died leaving the family with just eight dollars. His mother died of cancer in 1900.

About his works.

 “Fire and Ice”

 “The Gift Outright”

 “Design”

 “Mending wall”

 “Home Burial”

Fire and Ice :-

‘Fire and Ice’ Fire and Ice are opposites.

Some say the world will end in fire,

Some say in ice.

From what I’ve tasted of desire

I hold with those who favor fire.

But if it had to perish twice,

I think I know enough of hate

To say that for destruction ice

Is also great

                                                                    And would suffice.  

                                           

The speaker considers the age-old question of whether the world will end in fire or in ice. This is similar to another age-old question: whether it would be preferable to freeze to death or burn to death. The speaker determines that either option would achieve its purpose sufficiently well.

‘Fire’ it is a symbol for desire. ‘Ice’ it is a symbol for hate. Both are connected with human nature. Relationship is one of the main theme of this poem.

Design Robert Frost

Design Robert Frost                                                             

                   

                            Robert Frost was born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco, where his father, William Prescott Frost Jr., and his mother, Isabelle Moodie, had moved from Pennsylvania shortly after marrying. After the death of his father from tuberculosis when Frost was eleven years old, he moved with his mother and sister, Jeanie, who was two years younger, to Lawrence, Massachusetts. 

About  his works.

 “Fire and Ice”

 “The Gift Outright”

 “Design”

 “Mending wall”

 “Home Burial”

 

Design :-

 
 

                         ‘Design’ is a very impressive sonnet. It is about an isty‐bisty spider, a flower and a Moth. Frost changing the meaning of Design.

                       The poem begins with a simple setup—the first three lines introduce us to the main characters. We have a big white spider on a white flower, poised to eat a white moth. The speaker sees this bizarre little albino meeting as some weird witches' brew, as all three are brought together for some awful reason.

          That observation leads the speaker to a series of questions: Why is this flower white, when it is usually blue? What brought the spider to that particular flower? What made the moth decide to flutter by right then?
 

                       Frost concludes that if it were "design" that brought these three together, it must be some pretty dark design. In other words, it's not a comforting thought to think that God went out of his way just to make sure this moth got eaten. But that's the crucial "if" of the last line: if design does govern these small things.

Conclusion.

             His another poem ‘Home Burial’ He uses ironic and paradox style. it is a dialogue between husband and wife Some of his best lyrics are….

Mending Wall by Robert Frost

Mending Wall by Robert Frost

                            Robert Frost was born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco, where his father, William Prescott Frost Jr., and his mother, Isabelle Moodie, had moved from Pennsylvania shortly after marrying. After the death of his father from tuberculosis when Frost was eleven years old, he moved with his mother and sister, Jeanie, who was two years younger, to Lawrence, Massachusetts. 

About  his works.

 “Fire and Ice”

 “The Gift Outright”

 “Design”

 “Mending wall”

 “Home Burial”

About  his Lyrics.

         In the lyric of “A Boy’s Will”, representing the long thoughts of the artist as a young man, the stanzaic form follows the conventions of the couplet, the quatrain, the sonnet and the ballad.

Mending wall

                          Every year, two neighbors meet to repair the stone wall that divides their property. The narrator is skeptical of this tradition, unable to understand the need for a wall when there is no livestock to be contained on the property, only apples and pine trees.

                          He does not believe that a wall should exist simply for the sake of existing. Moreover, he cannot help but notice that the natural world seems to dislike the wall as much as he does: mysterious gaps appear, boulders fall for no reason. The neighbor, on the other hand, asserts that the wall is crucial to maintaining their relationship, asserting, “Good fences make good neighbors.”

Over the course of the mending, the narrator attempts to convince his neighbor otherwise and accuses him of being old-fashioned for maintaining the tradition so strictly. No matter what the narrator says, though, the neighbor stands his ground, repeating only: “Good fences make good neighbors.” 

  

Conclusion.

             His another poem ‘Home Burial’ He uses ironic and paradox style. it is a dialogue between husband and wife Some of his best lyrics are….

 

Home Burial Robert Frost

 Home Burial Robert Frost     
        

           Robert Frost was born on March 26, 1874, in San Francisco, where his father, William Prescott Frost Jr., and his mother, Isabelle Moodie, had moved from Pennsylvania shortly after marrying. After the death of his father from tuberculosis when Frost was eleven years old, he moved with his mother and sister, Jeanie, who was two years younger, to Lawrence, Massachusetts.

                            He became interested in reading and writing poetry during his high school years in Lawrence, enrolled at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1892, and later at Harvard University in Boston, though he never earned a formal college degree.

About  his personal life.

                      Frost personal life is not good. In 1885 when Frost father died leaving the family with just eight dollars. His mother died of cancer in 1900.

About  his works.
 

 “Fire and Ice”

 “The Gift Outright”

 “Design”

 “Mending wall”

 “Home Burial”

About  his Lyrics.

         In the lyric of “A Boy’s Will”, representing the long thoughts of the artist as a young man, the stanzaic form follows the conventions of the couplet, the quatrain, the sonnet and the ballad.

Home Burial

                  "Home Burial" is one of Robert Frost's longest poems, and it can also be considered one of his most emotionally disturbing ones. "Home Burial," published in 1914, tells the story of a married couple fighting after their baby has died.

                   It's written mostly in dialogue, so it sounds like real people talking. But this is no ordinary conversation. It tackles the subjects of love, grief, and death, making readers think about each of those common topics in a new way.

                  You probably know Frost from his shorter poems like "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" or "The Road Not Taken." These poems are often read as inspirational, beautiful odes to nature and exploration. But if you read closely, they have a dark side. We promise.

Conclusion.

             His another poem ‘Home Burial’ He uses ironic and paradox style. it is a dialogue between husband and wife Some of his best lyrics are….

Hamlet

Introduction:-

          Shakespeare was a groundbreaking pioneer in his time and wrote plays that were totally different from anything the world had ever seen before. He explored the human spirit and what Big Willy wrote Hamlet between 1599 and 1601, and the play tells the story of Prince Hamlet. Hamlet, in particular, has a lot of "most famous" things in it. It is Shakespeare's most line: "To be or not to be, that is the question." If extraterrestrials were to visit Planet Earth, we would probably put a copy of Hamlet in their welcome basket.

Characteristics of a revenge play and their application in “Hamlet”:

(1) Such play deals with the theme of murder or some crime to the person of the state.

                     In this reference we can say that the central theme of the play “Hamlet” is revenge to be taken. The play “Hamlet” is built upon the long, tragic conflict between Hamlet and Claudius the play namely exposition, gradual development of the plot, the suspense, climax and the catastrophe of the play is the revenge, especially the revenge for the death of father. It is not the plot. In the play “Hamlet” two of the characters’ fathers are brutishly murdered.

(2)The ghost of the dead appears to tell about the identity of the killer.

                     Generally speaking the ghost is a part of the machinery of the revenge play, and as such the ghost in Hamlet. The ghost is primarily connected with the motif of revenge; and so there thing that nobody will question. The opening scene sets the tune of the whole playa play shrouded in mystery and terror. The ghost does indeed visible appear, but it is a shadowy figure, We can observe the subtle skill of Shakespeare in that the ghost is not made to speak but strides away majestically. 

Plot overview=Major conflict:-

            Hamlet feels a responsibility to avenge his father’s murder by his uncle Claudius but Claudius is now in hamlet would be morally justified in taking revenge on his uncle

                In Hamlet the revenge is of son for the murder of father. Revenge the desire to retaliate for an injury is a powerful natural  and dangerous human emotion.

Hamlet the senitimenta dreamer:-

-Leading romantic critics of the late eighteenth and eary nineteenth centuries and gifted in many ways but incapable of positive action.

- Goethe hamlet is a young man of lovely pure and moral nature without the strength of nerve which forms a hero .

- A.W.Schleget – “no firm belief either in himself or in anything else… in the resolution which he so often embracer and always leaves unexecuted his weakness in too apparent.

"If it be, why seems it so particular with thee?" Hamlet disputes Gertrude’s charge that he is being hypocritical, "Seems, madam? Nay, it is, I know not ‘seems’…"

                  For him, she is the one who has shown hypocrisy and he does not agree with her ‘seems’  Whereas, Hamlet’s social concerns for Denmark is purely centered around the king and the influence he might have on the rest of the kingdom.

Gulliver’s Travels

Introduction:-
 

          Jonathan swift is the greatest writer of the classical age by the force of his genius.

                   He was born in on the 30^th November 1667. At Trinity College, Dublin, swift was often at war with the authorities, and he was not of a very studious turn of mind, but he succeed in getting his degree in (1685) and he became one of the Canons of St. Patrick’s Cathedral and wrote articles and letters for the English Whigs. His words owe an exceptionally broad scope to the freedom and penetration of its thought. 

 

The principal works of swift are,

·       Major satirical works

·       Correspondence

·       Pamphlets and Articles on English politics

·       Pamphlets on church questions

·       Pamphlets relating to

·       Poems

Major satirical work
 

o      A Tale of a tub(1704)

o      The of the Books(1704)

o      Gulliver’s Travels (1726)

“Gulliver’s Travels” is considered the masterpiece of swift and it is undouabtly placed among the world classics. It is identified as a political satire or political allegory by the critics.

What is an Allegory:-

 

An allegory is a narrative in which the agents and action, and sometimes the setting as well are contrived not only to make sense in themselves, but also to signify a second, correlated order of persons, thing, concepts, or events.

There are two main types:-

1. Historical and political allegorical in which the characters and the action represent, or “allegorize”, historical personages and events, so in Dryden’s “Absalom and Achitophel” 1681).

2.    The allegory of ideas:-

In which the characters represent abstruct concepts and the plot serves to communicate a doctrine or thesis.

Gulliver’s Travels as an allegory:-

“Gulliver’s Travels” is an allegorical work. His allegory has been divided into four sections refering to four voyages of the protagonist Gulliver.

England in the Disguise of Liliput in part-1 of the Book:-

The voyage to Liliput in part-1 of the book contains the story of Gulliver’s shipwreck and his early adventures among the pigmies

The Silken threads in Liliput symbolic of English distinction:-

                  Then there is the custom in Liliput of awarding threads of green, red and blue colours to those countries who showed the greatest agility in leaping over of creeping under a stick.

The allegorical meaning of the Empress’s annoyance with Gulliver:-

The incident of Gulliver’s extinguishing a fire in the apartment of the Lilliputian Empress relates to the circumstances in swift’s won life. The Lilliputian Empress was filled with resentment at Gulliver’s action in extinguishing the fire by urinating upon it.

The political  allegory in part-III

The allegory of part-I seems to have been curried forward in part-III into the reign of George I and to shadow forth the lamentable state of affairs brought to pass by the Whigs. 

Conclusion:-

‘Gulliver’s Travels’ As ‘An Allegorical Satire’

This means that does not attack personalities and institutions directly but in a veiled manner for instance, in part -1 the portrayal of Flimnap, the Treassurer in Liliput, is a satirical sketch of Sir Robert Walpole who was the prime minister of England from 1715 to 1716 and then again from